Molecular Biologists research and experiment with the functions and biological laws of living cells. Molecular biologists look to isolate and purify components of the cell such as proteins and DNA which helps understand and conclude its function by identifying specific patterns in biological materials.

The work of a Molecular Biologist can be applied to a wide range of fields and applications, making it a very appealing career path. These range from drug discovery, genetic modification of crops, cell and gene therapy and production of cell-based clean meat which would reduce antibiotic presence in the food chain.

Working within this sector is very rewarding as you have the potential to significantly impact the wellbeing of humans, animals and the environment.

The work of a Molecular Biologist is often split between a laboratory, carrying out scientific experiments using techniques such as DNA cloning, Polymerase Chain Reaction, gel electrophoresis, molecular hybridization and mutagenesis, whereas the other time is spent analysing and interpreting biological data.

A career in molecular biology is appealing, as the future job prospects in the industry are increasing at an exponential rate.

Biochemist
Biomedical Engineer
Bioprocessing Engineer
Chemist
Clinical Laboratory Technician
Clinical Research Specialist
Epidemiologist
Food Scientist
Forensic Scientist
Geneticist
Materials Scientist
Molecular Biologist/Scientist
Researcher
QC Scientist
Toxicologist

Research Scientist
Molecular Scientist
Senior Scientist
Principal Scientist
R&D Manager
R&D Director
Chief Scientific Officer (CSO)

Research Engineers/Junior Scientist with a PhD or Masters in Molecular Biology earn between £33K – £42K.
At the mid-experience-level, Molecular Scientists normally earn between £40K – £50K. Seniors to Principal Scientists normally earn between £50K – £75K.

The following technologies and skills often appear on job descriptions;

PhD or Masters degree in Molecular Biology or Microbiology, PCR, qPCR, protein characterisation, Cell culture, Cell transfection, immunoassays, DNA sequencing, Molecular cloning techniques and RNA.

A PhD or Masters degree in Molecular Biology or Microbiology is usually essential, and quite often research work within a specialised field with molecular biology is desirable.

Salary:

£22k – £28k

What They Do:

Performs routine lab work, prepares samples, maintains lab equipment, and supports research scientists in day-to-day experiments.

Skills Needed:

• Strong understanding of basic molecular biology techniques (PCR, gel electrophoresis)
• Laboratory safety and compliance knowledge
• Attention to detail and record-keeping
• Ability to follow protocols and standard operating procedures
• Basic data analysis skills

Salary:

£28k – £35k

What They Do:

Supports research projects by carrying out experiments, maintaining cultures, and analysing data under the supervision of senior scientists.

Skills Needed:

• Proficiency in molecular biology assays and instrumentation
• Statistical analysis and scientific writing
• Team collaboration and reporting
• Familiarity with bioinformatics tools (advantageous)
• Strong problem-solving and critical thinking skills

Salary:

£35k – £45k

What They Do:

Designs and conducts experiments independently, analyses complex data sets, and contributes to scientific publications or product development.

Skills Needed:

• Advanced laboratory techniques (qPCR, sequencing, cloning)
• Experimental design and project management
• Data interpretation and statistical modelling
• Cross-functional collaboration (e.g. with bioinformatics, clinical teams)
• Mentoring junior staff

Salary:

£45k – £60k

What They Do:

Leads molecular biology projects, sets research priorities, manages teams, and oversees budgets.

Skills Needed:

• Expertise in molecular biology and genetic technologies
• Strategic project and people management
• Grant writing and funding applications
• High-level communication and presentation skills
• Strong knowledge of regulatory and ethical guidelines

Salary:

£60k – £80k

What They Do:

Manages a laboratory or research group, sets strategic goals, and ensures high standards in safety, compliance, and research output.

Skills Needed:

• Laboratory operations and resource management
• Budgeting and forecasting
• Cross-department collaboration and planning
• Mentoring and staff development
• Advanced knowledge of molecular biology applications

Salary:

£90k – £120k+

What They Do:

Leads the entire molecular biology research function, sets scientific vision, and drives innovation across the organisation.

Skills Needed:

• Visionary leadership and international research experience
• Deep knowledge of molecular biology and biotechnology markets
• C-suite stakeholder management
• Proven record of securing major funding and partnerships
• Ability to translate scientific breakthroughs into commercial or clinical applications